(2) Furthermore, the following powers -- notwithstanding the powers assigned to him by other provisions of this Constitution -- are vested in the President:
a) to appoint federal civil servants, including officers as well as other federal functionaries, and to bestow official titles on them;
b) to create and to bestow professional titles;
c) in individual cases to pardon persons sentenced without further resources of appeal, to mitigate and commute sentences pronounced by the courts, as an act of grace to annul sentences and to grant remission from their legal consequences, and moreover to quash criminal proceedings in actions subject to prosecution ex officio; and
d) on the petition of parents to declare illegitimate children legitimate.
(3) Special laws provide to what extent powers are additionally vested in the Federal President with respect to the grant of honorary privileges, extraordinary gratifications, allowances and pensions, the right to nominate and confirm persons in appointments, and to exercise other powers in personnel matters.
(2) The Federal President can authorize the Federal Government or the competent members of the Federal Government to conclude certain categories of treaties which do not fall under the terms of Article 50; such an authorization extends also to the power to issue ordinances in accordance with Article 65 (1) second sentence.
(2) Save as otherwise provided by the Constitution, all official acts of the Federal President require for their validity the countersignature of the Federal Chancellor or the competent Federal Minister.
(2) The Vice-Chancellor is entitled to deputize for the Federal Chancellor in his entire sphere of competence. Should the Federal Chancellor and the Vice-Chancellor simultaneously be prevented from the discharge of their responsibilities, the Federal President entrusts a member of the Federal Government to deputize for the Federal Chancellor.
(2) Only persons eligible for the House of Representatives can be appointed Federal Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor, or Federal Minister; members of the Federal Government need not belong to the House of Representatives.
(3) Should a new Federal Government be appointed by the Federal President at a time when the House of Representatives is not in session, he must convoke the House of Representatives for an extraordinary session (Article 28 (2)) to meet within one week for the purpose of introducing the new Federal Government.
(2) The instruments of appointment for the Federal Chancellor, the Vice-Chancellor, and the other Federal Ministers are executed by the Federal President on the day of the affirmation and are countersigned by the newly appointed Federal Chancellor.
(3) These provisions shall apply analogously to the cases mentioned in Article 71.
(2) The presence of half of the members of the House of Representatives is required for a vote of no confidence. Voting shall be adjourned until the next working day but one if one fifth of the members present so demands. Another adjournment of the division can ensue only from a decision by the House of Representatives.
(3) Notwithstanding the power otherwise vested in the Federal President in accordance with Article 70 (1), the Federal Government or its individual members shall in the legally specified contingencies or at their own wish be removed from office.
(2) The presence of more than half the members is required for a motion which proffers a charge pursuant to Article 142.
(2) The number of the Federal Ministries, their competence, and their internal organization will be prescribed by federal law.
....
(2) Save in so far as the Defence Law reserves disposal over the Federal Army to the Federal President, disposal over it lies with the competent Federal Minister within the limits of the authorization conferred on him by the Federal Government.
(3) Supreme command over the Federal Army is exercised by the competent Federal Minister (Article 76 (1)).
The seat of Government is in Reykjavik.
No person may hold public office unless he has Icelandic nationality. Each official shall take an oath or pledge to uphold the Constitution.
The President may remove from office any official whom he has appointed.
The President may transfer officials from one office to another on the condition that their official remuneration is not reduced, and that they have an option between such transfer and retirement with a pension, or old-age allowance, as prescribed by law.
Certain categories of officials, in addition to those mentioned in Article 61, may be exempted by law from this provision.
1. The President shall, on the nomination of Dáil Éireann, appoint the Taoiseach, that is, the head of the Government or Prime Minister.................................................
2. The President shall, on the nomination of the Taoiseach with the previous approval of Dáil Éireann, appoint the other members of the Government.
3. The President shall, on the advice of the Taoiseach, accept the resignation or terminate the appointment of any member of the Government.
4 The supreme command of the Defense Forces is hereby vested in the President.
5
1 The exercise of the supreme command of the Defense Forces shall be regulated by law.
2 All commissioned officers of the Defense Forces shall hold their commissions from the President.
6 The right of pardon and the power to commute or remit punishment imposed by any court exercising criminal jurisdiction are hereby vested in the President, but such power of commutation or remission may, except in capital cases, also be conferred by law on other authorities.
7.
1. The President may, after consultation with the Council of State, communicate with the Houses of the Oireachtas by message or address on any matter of national or public importance.
2. The President may, after consultation with the Council of State, address a message to the Nation at any time on any such matter.
3. Every such message or address must, however, have received the approval of the Government.
8.
1. The President shall not be answerable to either House of the Oireachtas or to any court for the exercise and performance of the powers and functions of his office or for any act done or purporting to be done by him in the exercise and performance of these powers and functions.
2. The behaviour of the President may, however, be brought under review in either of the Houses of the Oireachtas for the purposes of section 10 of Article 12 of this Constitution, or by any court, tribunal or body appointed or designated by either of the Houses of the Oireachtas for the investigation of a charge under section 10 of the said Article.
9. The powers and functions conferred on the President by this Constitution shall be exercisable and performable by him only on the advice of the Government, save where it is provided by this Constitution that he shall act in his absolute discretion or after consultation with or in relation to the Council of State, or on the advice or nomination of, or on receipt of any other communication from, any other person or body.
10. Subject to this Constitution, additional powers and functions may be conferred on the President by law.
11. No power or function conferred on the President by law shall be exercisable or performable by him save only on the advice of the Government.
1. The Government shall consist of not less than seven and not more than fifteen members who shall be appointed by the President in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution.
2. The executive power of the State shall, subject to the provisions of this Constitution, be exercised by or on the authority of the Government.
3
1. War shall not be declared and the State shall not participate in any war save with the assent of Dáil Éireann
2. In the case of actual invasion, however, the Government may take whatever steps they may consider necessary for the protection of the State, and Dáil Éireann if not sitting shall be summoned to meet at the earliest practicable date.
3. ....
4
1. The Government shall be responsible to Dáil Éireann.
2. The Government shall meet and act collective authority, and shall be collectively responsible for the Departments of State administered by the members of the Government.
3. The Government shall prepare Estimates of the Receipts and Estimates of the Expenditure of the State for each financial year, and shall present them to Dáil Éireann for consideration.
5
1. The head of the Government, or Prime Minister, shall be called, and is in this Constitution referred to as, the Taoiseach. [pronounced "Tee-shock"][6 - The Tanaiste, Deputy Prime Minister]
2. The Taoiseach shall keep the President generally informed on matters of domestic and international policy.
7
1. The Taoiseach, the Tánaiste and the member of the Government who is in charge of the Department of Finance must be members of Dáil Éireann.
2. The other members of the Government must be members of Dáil Éireann or Seanad Éireann, but not more than two may be members of Seanad Éireann.
8 Every member of the Government shall have the right to attend and be heard in each House of the Oireachtas.
9
1 The Taoiseach may resign from office at any time by placing his resignation in the hands of the President.
2 Any other member of the Government may resign from office by placing his resignation in the hands of the Taoiseach for submission to the President.
3 The President shall accept the resignation of a member of the Government, other than the Taoiseach, if so advised by the Taoiseach.
4 The Taoiseach may at any time, for reasons which to him seem sufficient, request a member of the Government to resign; should the member concerned fail to comply with the request, his appointment shall be terminated by the President if the Taoiseach so advises.
10 The Taoiseach shall resign from office upon his ceasing to retain the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann unless on his advice the President dissolves Dáil Éireann and on the reassembly of Dáil Éireann after the dissolution the Taoiseach secures the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann.
11
1 If the Taoiseach at any time resigns from office the other members of the Government shall be deemed also to have resigned from office, but the Taoiseach and the other members of the Government shall continue to carry on their duties until their successors shall have been appointed.
2 The members of the Government in office at the date of a dissolution of Dáil Éireann shall continue to hold office until their successors shall have been appointed.
12. The following matters shall be regulated in accordance with law, namely, the organization of, and distribution of business amongst, Departments of State, the designation of members of the Government to be the Ministers in charge of the said Departments, the discharge of the functions of the office of a member of the Government during his temporary absence or incapacity, and the remuneration of the members of the Government.
SECTION I
General principles
1. The organs with supreme authority are the President of the Republic, the Assembly of the Republic, the Government and the Courts.
2. The formation, composition, powers and operation of the organs with supreme authority are governed by this Constitution.
CHAPTER II
Powers
a. To preside over the Council of State;
b. To fix, in conformity with the electoral law, the dates of the elections for the President of the Republic, the Assembly of the Republic, the European Parliament and the regional legislative assemblies;
c. To convene extraordinary sessions of the Assembly of the Republic;
d. To address messages to the Assembly of the Republic and to the Regional Legislative Assemblies;
e. To dissolve the Assembly of the Republic, subject to the provisions of Article 172, after receiving the opinions of the parties represented in the Assembly and of the Council of State;
f. To appoint the Prime Minister in accordance with Article 187(1);
g. To dismiss the Government in accordance with Article 195(2) and to remove the Prime Minister from office under Article 186(4);
h. To appoint and remove from office members of the Government on the proposal of the Prime Minister;
i. To preside over the Council of Ministers at the request of the Prime Minister;
j. To dissolve the organs of self-government of the autonomous regions, on his or her own initiative or on the proposal of the Government, after receiving the opinions of the Assembly of the Republic and the Council of State;
l. To appoint and remove from office, on the proposal of the Government, the Ministers for the Republic for the autonomous regions, after receiving the opinion of the Council of State;
m. To appoint and remove from office, on the proposal of the Government, the president of the Court of Audit and the Attorney-General;
n. To appoint 5 of the members of the Council of State and 2 of the members of the Superior Council for the Judiciary ;
o. To preside over the Superior Council for National Defence;
p. To appoint and remove from office, on the proposal of the Government, the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces, and, after receiving the opinion of the Chief of the General Staff, the Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces (if any) and the Chiefs of Staff of the three services of the Armed Forces.
a. To perform the functions of Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces;
b. To promulgate and order the publication of laws, decree-laws and regulative decrees, and to sign resolutions of the Assembly of the Republic approving international agreements and the other decrees of Government;
c. To submit appropriate matters of national interest to a referendum under Article 115 as well as those referred to in Art. 232(2) and Article 256(3);
d. To declare a state of siege or a state of emergency, in conformity with the provisions of Articles 19 and 138;
e. To make a statement on all serious emergencies in the life of the Republic;
f. To grant pardons and to commute sentences, after receiving the opinion of the Government;
g. To request the Constitutional Court to undertake an anticipatory review of the constitutionality of provisions of laws, decree-laws and international conventions;
h. To request the Constitutional Court to rule on legal provisions that are unconstitutional or whether unconstitutionality has occurred through omission;
i. To award decorations in accordance with the law and to perform the function of grand-master of Portuguese orders of honour.
a. To appoint ambassadors and envoys extraordinary on the proposal of Government, and to accept the accreditation of foreign diplomatic representatives;
b. To ratify international treaties once they have been duly approved;
c. To declare war in the case of actual or imminent aggression, and to make peace, on the proposal of the Government, after receiving the opinion of the Council of State and with the authorisation of the Assembly of the Republic or, if it is not in session and its immediate recall is not possible, of its Standing Committee.
2. If the Assembly of the Republic confirms its vote by an absolute majority of the Members entitled to vote, the President of the Republic shall promulgate the instrument within 8 days after receiving it.
3. However, a majority of two-thirds of the Deputies present, where that majority exceeds an absolute majority of the Deputies entitled to vote, is required to ratify decrees that are in the form of organic laws or concern any of the following matters:
a. External relations;
b. The boundaries between the public, the private and the co-operative and social sectors, with respect to ownership of the means of production;
c. Regulation of elections provided for in this Constitution, where these do not review the form of organic law.
4. Within 40 days after receiving a decree of the Government for the purpose of its promulgation, or after the date of publication of a ruling of the Constitutional Court that none of the provisions of such a decree are unconstitutional, the President of the Republic shall either promulgate the instrument or exercise the right of veto by way of a written communication to the Government containing the reasons for the veto.
5. The President of the Republic also has a right of veto in the circumstances laid down in Articles 278 and 279.
2. Where the authorisation is given by the Standing Committee of the Assembly, the declaration of a state of siege or a state of emergency shall be confirmed by a plenary sitting of the Assembly as soon as possible after it is in session.
CHAPTER I
Function and structure
2. The Government may include one or more Deputy Prime Ministers.
3. The number of ministries and secretariats of State, their titles and powers and the mode of coordinating them shall be laid down, as appropriate to the case, in the decrees appointing the holders of the offices or by decree-law.
2. The other members of the Government shall be appointed by the President of the Republic on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.
2. The Deputy Prime Ministers and the Ministers shall be responsible to the Prime Minister and, within the terms of the political responsibility of the Government, to the Assembly of the Republic.
3. The Secretaries and Under-Secretaries of State shall be responsible to the Prime Minister and to their respective Ministers.
2. If the Assembly of the Republic is not in session, it must be convened by its President for this purpose.
3. The debate may not exceed 3 days, and until it is closed, any parliamentary group may propose the rejection of the programme and the Government may request the approval of a vote of confidence.
4. A rejection of the Government's programme requires an absolute majority of the Deputies entitled to vote.
2. A motion of censure shall not be considered until 48 hours after it has been tabled; the debate may not exceed 3 days.
3. If a motion of censure is not passed, its signatories shall not table another such motion during the same legislative session.
2. The President of the Republic may, after taking the opinion of the Council of State, dismiss the Government when necessary to safeguard the proper functioning of the democratic institutions.